Manually operated generator and methods of use

ABSTRACT

A power generation device includes a body, an electric generator, a hub, and an arm. The body extends from a first end to a second end and a longitudinal axis extends from the first end to the second end. The electric generator is housed within the body and includes a rotor. The hub is coupled to the body at the first end and is rotatable with respect to the body about the longitudinal axis. The arm extends from the hub such that the arm is rotatable with the huh about the longitudinal axis. The arm is pivotably coupled to the hub such that arm is pivotable with respect to the hub about a pivot axis that is non-collinear with the longitudinal axis. Rotation of the hub and the arm about the longitudinal axis causes rotation of the rotor of the generator to generate electrical power.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent ApplicationNo. 62/668,398, filed May 8, 2018, the entirety of which is incorporatedherein by reference.

BACKGROUND

In emergency situations, it is sometimes necessary to provide power toan electronic device in order to use the device. For example, during apower outage, a generator, such as a diesel generator, can be used toprovide emergency power. However, in some circumstances, a largegenerator is impractical, is not available and/or cannot meet the needsof the user. For example, when backpacking in remote areas power may beneeded in emergency situations. In such situations, a manually poweredgenerator can be used.

SUMMARY

In one aspect, a power generation device includes a body, an electricgenerator, a hub, and an arm. The body extends from a first end to asecond end and a longitudinal axis extends from the first end to thesecond end. The electric generator is housed within the body andincludes a rotor. The hub is coupled to the body at the first end and isrotatable with respect to the body about the longitudinal axis. The armextends from the hub such that the arm is rotatable with the hub aboutthe longitudinal axis. The arm is pivotably coupled to the hub such thatarm is pivotable with respect to the hub about a pivot axis that isnon-collinear with the longitudinal axis. Rotation of the hub and thearm about the longitudinal axis causes rotation of the rotor of thegenerator to generate electrical power.

In another aspect, a power generation device includes a body, anelectric generator, a hub, and an arm. The body extends from a first endto a second end. The electric generator is housed within the body andincludes a rotor. The hub is coupled to the body and is rotatable withrespect to the body. The arm is connected to the hub and is rotatablewith the hub. Rotation of the hub and the arm with respect to the bodycauses rotation of the rotor of the generator to generate electricalpower. The torque required to rotate the arm and the hub with respect tothe body is variable.

In another aspect, an emergency signal generating system includes apower generation device and a communications device. The powergeneration device includes a body, an electric generator, and an arm.The electric generator is housed within the body and includes a rotor.The arm is coupled to the body and is rotatable with respect to thebody. Rotation of the arm causes rotation of the rotor of the generatorto generate electrical power. The communications device is configured tobe electrically coupled to the power generation device. Thecommunication device is configured to, after receiving power from thepower generation device, transmit data to a communications network.

In another aspect, a power and control device includes an energy source,a user interface, and a connector. The connector is configured toconnect to a tool such that the tool receives electrical energy from theenergy source and the tool is controllable via the user interface.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The features and advantages of the embodiments described herein will bemore fully disclosed in, or rendered obvious by the following detaileddescription of the preferred embodiments, which are to be consideredtogether with the accompanying drawings wherein like numbers refer tolike parts and further wherein:

FIG. 1A shows a perspective view of a power generation device, accordingto one embodiment, with the arm extended.

FIG. 1B shows an exploded view of the power generation device of FIG.1A.

FIG. 2 shows a front view of the power generation device of FIG. 1A.

FIG. 3 shows a rear view of the power generation device of FIG. 1A.

FIG. 4 shows a right side view of the power generation device of FIG.1A.

FIG. 5 shows a left side view of the power generation device of FIG. 1A.

FIG. 6 shows a left side view of the power generation device of FIG. 1Awith the knob disengaged from the body.

FIG. 7 shows a left side view of the power generation device of FIG. 1Awith the arm pivoted upward and extending from a first length to asecond length.

FIG. 8 shows the power generation device of FIG. 1A in use in a twirlingmode of operation.

FIG. 9 shows the power generation device of FIG. 1A in a cranking modeof operation.

FIG. 10 illustrates an external device being inserted into the outputconnector of the power generation device of FIG. 1A.

FIG. 11 shows a detail view of the generator and gearbox coupled to thehub, according to some embodiments described herein.

FIG. 12 shows a perspective view of a hub, according to one embodimentdescribed herein.

FIG. 13 shows a perspective view of a generator and gearbox assembly,according to one embodiment described herein.

FIG. 14 shows a perspective view of an arm assembly, according to oneembodiment described herein.

FIG. 15 shows a perspective view of an arm assembly, according toanother embodiment described herein.

FIG. 16 is a diagram of a generator and control system, according to oneembodiment.

FIG. 17 shows embodiments of a rectifier of a power generation device,according to at least one embodiment.

FIG. 18 shows an energy storage module according to one embodiment.

FIG. 19 shows embodiments of an output circuit of a power generationdevice, according to at least one embodiment.

FIGS. 20A and 20B are diagrams of generator and control systems in whichthe generator is configured to provide a power assisted startup,according to at least one embodiment.

FIG. 21 shows a reference design for a buck/boost controller.

FIG. 22 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of powered rotation of ahub of a power generation device, according to at least one embodimentdescribed herein.

FIG. 23 is a flow chart illustrating a method of providing an emergencysignal.

FIG. 24 is a diagram illustrating connection of a tool to a powergeneration device, according to any of the embodiments described herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The description of the preferred embodiments is intended to be read inconnection with the accompanying drawings, which are to be consideredpart of the entire written description. The drawing figures are notnecessarily to scale and certain features may be shown exaggerated inscale or in somewhat schematic form in the interest of clarity andconciseness. In this description, relative terms such as “horizontal,”“vertical,” “up,” “down,” “top,” “bottom,” as well as derivativesthereof (e.g., “horizontally,” “downwardly,” “upwardly,” etc.) should beconstrued to refer to the orientation as then described or as shown inthe drawing figure under discussion. These relative terms are forconvenience of description and normally are not intended to require aparticular orientation. Terms including “inwardly” versus “outwardly,”“longitudinal” versus “lateral” and the like are to be interpretedrelative to one another or relative to an axis of elongation, or an axisor center of rotation, as appropriate. Terms concerning attachments,coupling and the like, such as “connected” and “interconnected,” referto a relationship wherein structures are secured or attached to oneanother either directly or indirectly through intervening structures, aswell as both moveable or rigid attachments or relationships, unlessexpressly described otherwise. The term “operatively coupled” is such anattachment, coupling, or connection that allows the pertinent structuresto operate as intended by virtue of that relationship.

When values are expressed as approximations, by use of the antecedent“about,” it will be understood that the particular value forms anotherembodiment. As used herein, “about X” (where X is a numerical value)preferably refers to ±10% of the recited value, inclusive. For example,the phrase “about 8” preferably refers to a value of 7.2 to 8.8,inclusive; as another example, the phrase “about 8%” preferably (but notalways) refers to a value of 7.2% to 8.8%, inclusive. Where present, allranges are inclusive and combinable. For example, when a range of “1 to5” is recited, the recited range should be construed as including ranges“1 to 4”, “1 to 3”, “1-2”, “1-2 & 4-5”, “1-3 & 5”, “2-5”, and the like.In addition, when a list of alternatives is positively provided, suchlisting can be interpreted to mean that any of the alternatives may beexcluded, e.g., by a negative limitation in the claims. For example,when a range of “1 to 5” is recited, the recited range may be construedas including situations whereby any of 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 are negativelyexcluded; thus, a recitation of “1 to 5” may be construed as “1 and 3-5,but not 2”, or simply “wherein 2 is not included.”

The present disclosure provides manually operated generators, methods ofuse of such generators, and emergency systems using such generators. Thegenerators can be used to power electronic devices to, for example,produce a distress signal or message that can be used to help locate ahiker in a remote area. The generators described herein can be used inone or both of a cranking mode and a twirling mode. The generator can beused to power a variety of devices. For example, the generator can beused to power an emergency signal device, as will be described infurther detail herein. Alternatively, the generator can be used to powera flashlight (such as an LED flashlight or a UV flashlight), a lantern,a reading lamp, a bright strobe light, an emergency flasher, a Morsecode flasher, a firestarter, a siren, a directional sound amplifier, aspeaker system, an ultrasonic dog whistle, a cell phone charger, a cellphone signal booster, a satellite phone charger, a mesh networking radio(such as the GOTENNA PRO mesh networking radio supplied by goTenna, Inc.of Brooklyn, N.Y.), a range finder, a radio (e.g., AM/FM/weather), anair pump, a water purifier, an electronic compass, a stun gun, ahand/body warmer, and a fan.

As shown, for example, in FIGS. 1A and 1B, in one embodiment, a powergeneration device 100 includes a body 102 and a hub 104. As will bedescribed further herein, and as shown in FIG. 1B, the body 102 houses agenerator 106 that is configured to produce electrical output inresponse to rotation of the hub 104. The body 102 can also house acontroller module 110 (shown in FIG. 16), a user interface 111 (shown inFIG. 1A), a gearbox 112 (shown in FIG. 1B), and/or any other necessaryor appropriate components, as will be described further herein. The body102 can be any appropriate shape. For example, in one embodiment, shownin FIG. 1A, the body 102 is generally cylindrical and includes a sectionthat the user may comfortably hold (see FIGS. 8 and 9).

In at least one embodiment, the body 102 includes ridges or facets onits exterior surface. This allows the body 102 to be held securelyagainst an object, such as a tree or table top. This may allow the userto rotate the hub 104 with more force while maintaining the body 102stationary. Additionally, a strap, rope, or band can be used to securethe body 102 to the object so that the user does not have to hold thebody 102 during operation. Additionally or alternatively, the body 102may include a magnetic base. The magnetic base allows the body 102 to beattached to an object, such as a vehicle, to allow operation of thepower generation device 100 without holding the body 102.

The hub 104 is configured to rotate about a longitudinal axis A of thebody 102, shown in FIG. 1B. The hub 104 is coupled to the rotor of thegenerator 106 such that rotation of hub 104 causes rotation of therotor. For example, referring to FIGS. 11-13, a shaft 107 rotatablycoupled to the rotor may extend from the gearbox 112 and the hub 104 mayinclude a clamp 105 configured to engage the shaft 107. For example, theclamp 105 may be a split ring and screws 105 a may be provided totighten the clamp 105 on the shaft 107. In some embodiments, shaft 107may include a flat 107 a configured to align with a corresponding flatin the clamp 105 to prevent slippage of the hub 104 with respect to theshaft 107.

As a result of this coupling of the hub 104 and rotor, rotation of thehub 104 causes the generator 106 to produce an electrical output. In oneembodiment, one or more gears of the gearbox 112 couple the hub 104 tothe rotor of the generator 106, thereby controlling the rate of rotationof the rotor with respect to the hub 104. The gearbox 112 can have anyappropriate gear ratio. For example, in one embodiment, the gear ratiois 20:1 (i.e., one rotation of the hub 104 results in 20 rotations ofthe rotor). In another embodiment, the gear ratio is 35:1. In anotherembodiment, the gear ratio is between 20:1 and 35:1.

As shown in the exploded view of FIG. 1B and the cross-sectional view ofFIG. 11, the body 102 may include a flange 103 configured to couple toand retain the gearbox 112 and generator 106. In some embodiments, asshown, the flange includes one or more fastener holes configured toreceive screws or other fasteners to couple to corresponding fastenerholes in the gearbox 112. The shaft 107 extends through a bore 103 a inthe flange 103 to couple to the hub 104.

In various embodiments, the body 102 also includes an output connector116 (shown in FIGS. 1A and 10) configured to electrically couple thegenerator 106 to one or more external devices 118 (as shown in FIG. 8).In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 1B, the output connector 116 isintegrated into a cap 117 that is coupled to the end of the body 102.The output connector 116 can be configured to couple directly to theexternal device 118 or couple to the external device 118 via a cable.For example, the output connector 116 can be a USB port, which can becoupled to the external device 118 via a USB cable 119. In oneembodiment, the power generation device 100 includes a cord that ispermanently connected to the body 102. For example, the power generationdevice 100 can include a retractable cord that can be deployed by theuser to connect to the external device 118.

The external device may be, for example, a smart phone. This may allowthe smart phone to be used as an emergency signal device, as describedherein. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 24, the external device may be atool 150. The tool 150 may be, for example, a flashlight (such as an LEDflashlight or a UV flashlight), a lantern, a reading lamp, a brightstrobe light, an emergency flasher, a Morse code flasher, a firestarter,a siren, a directional sound amplifier, a speaker system, an ultrasonicdog whistle, a cell phone charger, a cell phone signal booster, asatellite phone charger, a mesh networking radio (such as the GOTENNAPRO mesh networking radio supplied by goTenna, Inc.), a range finder, aradio (e.g., AM/FM/weather), an air pump, a water purifier, anelectronic compass, a stun gun, a hand/body warmer, or a fan.

The tool 150 may be connected to power generation device 100 using acable, such as a USB cable (e.g., USB cable 119). Alternatively, thetool 150 may connect directly to the output connector 116. For example,the output connector 116 may include a bayonet style connector such asthose sold by the Amphenol Corporation of Wallingford, Conn. In someembodiments, output connector 116 is integrated into cap 117. Whenconnected to power generation device 100 via output connector 116, thetool 150 can be controlled via user interface 111. For example, the userinterface 111 can be used to turn the tool 150 on and off In someembodiments, user interface 111 can be used to change the operationalsettings of the tool 150. In addition, in some embodiments, certainfunctions of the tool 150 are automatically controlled by controllermodule 110.

In addition, the tool 150 can receive power from the power generationdevice 100 via the output connector 116. In various embodiments, thetool 150 can receive power directly from the generator 106 or,alternatively, from energy storage modules 130, 132 (described below).

Because the power generation device 100 provides the electricity tooperate the tool 150 and user interface 111 and controller module 110are used to control the tool 150, the tool 150 itself may be compact andlightweight. For example, the tool 150 may be a flashlight and includeLED bulbs, limited circuitry, and a housing. The compact and lightweightnature of the tools, and the fact that the power generation device 100can be configured to connect to a variety of tools in a modular fashion,may allow a user to carry a number of different tools without beingburdened by the excessive weight that would be introduced if each toolrequired its own battery and control systems. This is a significantadvantage when camping and hiking.

The power generation device 100 can include one or more attachments forrotating the hub 104. For example, as shown in FIGS. 1-9, an arm 120 canbe connected to the hub 104 via a coupling 122. The coupling 122 mayconnect to the hub 104 in any appropriate manner. For example, as shownin FIGS. 12 and 14, each of the hub 104 and coupling 122 may includefastener holes configured to align such that fasteners may be used tocouple the coupling 122 to the hub 104. As shown in FIG. 14, the arm 120has a first end 120 a and a second end 120 b, with a shaft 124 extendingtherebetween. At the first end 120 a, the shaft 124 is connected to thecoupling 122. The shaft 124 may be connected to the coupling 122 in anyappropriate manner. As shown, for example, in FIG. 14, a clevis-typeconnection may be used. At the second end 120 b, the extension isconnected to a knob 126. The shaft 124 may be connected to the knob 126in any appropriate manner (e.g., a clevis-type connection). The knob 126can be any appropriate shape and size and, in one embodiment, isconfigured to be ergonomically manipulated by a user. For example, theknob 126 can include a spherical or semi-spherical portion 126 a formanipulation by a user, as shown in FIG. 15. In other embodiments, asshown, for example, in FIG. 1A, the knob 126 is in the form of a ring.The mass of the knob 126 can also be chosen to provide a desiredrotational momentum during use, as is described further herein.

The coupling 122 is configured to allow the arm 120 to pivot withrespect to the hub 104 about an axis B (shown in FIG. 14) that is, atleast in some embodiments, radially offset from the central longitudinalaxis A and transverse thereto. In some embodiments, axis B is tangent toa circle centered on axis A. In one embodiment, the axis B lies in aplane that is orthogonal to axis A. In another embodiment, the axis Blies in a plane that is at a non-orthogonal angle with axis A. In someembodiments, the range of motion of the arm 120 about axis B may belimited. For example, in some embodiments, the arm 120 may only be ableto pivot up to 180° about axis B (i.e., from the downward verticalposition shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 to an upward vertical position). Inother embodiments, the arm 120 may only be able to rotate up to about120° from the downward vertical position.

In addition to allowing the arm 120 to pivot about axis B during use,the coupling 122 also allows the arm 120 to be positioned such that itis approximately parallel with the longitudinal axis A. This allows thearm 120 to be compactly stored when not in use, as shown in FIGS. 2-5.

The knob 126 can also be configured to rotate about one or more axes. Inone embodiment, the knob 126 is able to rotate about axis C (shown inFIG. 14). Axis C can be coincident with a longitudinal axis of the shaft124. Alternatively, axis C can define an angle with respect to alongitudinal axis of the shaft 124. In one embodiment, the angle isbetween 0 degrees and 45 degrees. In another embodiment, the angle isbetween 0 degrees and 30 degrees. In another embodiment, the angle isbetween 0 degrees and 15 degrees. In another embodiment, the angle isbetween 0 degrees and 10 degrees.

Additionally, or alternatively, the knob 126 can also rotate about axisD (shown in FIG. 14). Axis D can be oriented orthogonally with alongitudinal axis of the shaft 124 (e.g., axis C). In some embodiments,axis D is parallel to axis B. As shown, for example, in FIGS. 4 and 5,when in the storage position, the knob 126 may engage the cap 117 toretain the knob 126 and arm 120 in the storage position. In order tobegin using the power generation device 100, the user may disengage theknob 126 from the cap 117 by rotating the knob 126 about axis D as shownin FIG. 6. In some embodiments, the power generation device 100 includesa retainer 142 (shown in FIG. 1A) for retaining the knob 126 in thestorage position. For example, the retainer 142 may include flex armsthat engage the inside of the knob 126 to hold the knob 126 in place. Insome embodiments, the retainer 142 may removably engage the outputconnector 116.

Additionally, or alternatively, the knob 126 can also rotate about anaxis E (shown in FIG. 14). Axis E may be orthogonal to axis D. Axis Emay further align with a diameter of the knob 126. The degrees offreedom that the various axes of rotation provide make rotation of thearm 120 more comfortable for the user, as described herein.

In various embodiments, the length of the arm 120 can be adjusted, asshown in FIG. 7, either automatically or manually. For example, theshaft 124 may include a first shaft 124 a and a second shaft 124 b thatare configured to telescope with respect to one another. The shafts 124a, 124 b may form a slip-fit. Alternatively, the shafts 124 a, 124 b canhave complementary threaded portions. Although only two shafts areillustrated, any number of shafts may be used to provide the desiredlength of the shaft 124. In various embodiments, the arm 120 can beconfigured to extend from the collapsed configuration to the extendedconfiguration in response to centrifugal forces created by rotating thearm 120 about the body 102. In other embodiments, the length of the arm120 is adjusted manually prior to use. In some embodiments, the arm 120is biased to retract. For example, the arm 120 can include a springconfigured to retract second shaft 124 b. In this way, the arm 120 maybe retracted when power generation device 100 is not in use or when thecentrifugal force decreases.

With the arm 120 connected to the hub 104, the power generation device100 can be operated in either of two modes, a twirling mode or acranking mode. As shown in FIG. 8, in the twirling mode, the user graspsthe body 102 and rotates her wrist, similar to the motion used whenjumping rope. As the user rotates her wrist, the arm 120 rotates aroundthe body 102, thereby causing rotation of the hub 104 and the rotor ofthe generator 106. The knob 126 acts as a weight at the end of the arm120. As the rate of rotation of the arm 120 increases, the arm 120 mayextend such that the knob 126 is further from the body 102. This resultsin an increase in the angular momentum of the arm 120. As will bedescribed in further detail below, as the angular momentum of the arm120 increases, the controller module 110 can increase the rotationalresistance of the rotor to increase the amount of electrical output. Theweight of the knob 126 can be configured to provide the desired momentumwhen the arm 120 is rotated. For example, in one embodiment, the knob126 has a mass of about 20 grams or more. In another embodiment, theknob 126 has a mass of about 70 grams. In another embodiment, the knobhas a mass of between about 20 grams and about 70 grams.

As shown in FIG. 9, when using the power generation device 100 in thecranking mode, the user grasps the body 102 with one hand and the knob126 with the other. Alternatively, the user can secure the body 102 toan object, as described above, to allow operation with only one hand.The user then rotates the arm 120 around the body 102 to, thereby,rotate the hub 104. Rotation of the hub 104 causes rotation of the rotorof the generator to generate electrical power. By providing multipleaxes of rotation between the body 102 and the knob 126, the knob 126 canbe more comfortably manipulated, particularly in the cranking mode.Prior art hand-powered generators require the user to move their hand ina flat circular plane. In contrast, the power generation device 100described herein allows for a more natural motion when cranking the arm.This allows the larger muscles of the forearm and upper arm to providethe force for cranking the arm 120. As a result, the power generationdevice 100 can be operated for a longer period of time with lessdiscomfort. In addition, as will be described further herein, theresistance of the generator 106 can be adjusted. This allows the user toproduce a larger amount of electrical output.

In addition, as described above, the arm 120 can be of variable length.The length of the arm 120 can be adjusted to optimize the length foreither the cranking or twirling modes of operation. For example, it maybe preferable for the arm 120 to be longer when the generator 106 isused in the twirling mode. This may allow the generator 106 to be moreeasily started and provide increased angular momentum of the arm 120. Inone embodiment, the length of the arm 120 can be varied between about 50mm and about 200 mm.

In addition, the shaft 124 of the arm 120 can be flexible in one or moredirections. This may allow the shaft 124 to be rolled in order to changethe length of the arm 120.

The effective resistance to the rotation of the hub 104 and, thereby,the arm 120 can be adjusted to enhance both the comfort of the deviceand the rate of electrical output. In one embodiment, the resistance torotation is adjusted manually. In one embodiment, the generator hasdiscrete resistance settings, such as a high resistance setting and alow resistance setting.

In some embodiments the gear ratio between the rotation of the hub 104and the rotor may be changed to achieve discrete changes in theresistance (e.g., by selectively engaging and disengaging certaingears). In other embodiments, the resistance is adjusted across acontinuous range. Such an embodiment can utilize variable resistance ofthe generator 106 to resist rotation of the rotor. For example, thecontroller module 110 can control the load on the generator 106 as willbe described in more detail herein.

In some embodiments, the resistance is varied automatically. Forexample, in response to the hub 104 rotating at a specified rate, thecontroller module 110 can increase the resistance so that theelectricity generated for the same speed of rotation increases. Thisability to change rotational resistance may be particularly important inthe cranking mode.

In another embodiment, the power generation device 100 can include auser interface that allows the user to adjust the resistance andelectrical output of the device. For example, the user interface caninclude a button, switch, knob, or touch-screen input. For example, aresistance adjuster 113 may be provided on the side of the body 102, asshown in FIGS. 2-4, to allow the user to adjust the resistance. Theresistance adjuster 113 may be, for example, a switch allowing theresistance to be switched between two discrete values. Alternatively,resistance adjuster 113 may allow one of a plurality of resistancesettings to be selected or for the resistance to be continuouslyadjusted. For example, in some embodiments, resistance adjuster 113 is awheel that allows the resistance to continuously adjusted.

In another embodiment, the resistance can be adjusted by the user via anexternal device, such as a smartphone. The external device can beconnected to the controller module 110 of the generator via anyappropriate communication method, for example, Bluetooth, Bluetooth LowEnergy, or Wi-Fi. The external device can include a program (e.g., anapplication) that allows the user to set the desired resistance andelectrical output.

While the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1-9 illustrates the hub 104 rotatingabout a longitudinal axis of the body 102, the hub 104 can also rotateabout another axis through appropriate use of gearing or other powertransfer mechanisms. For example, the power generation device 100 canutilize a bevel gear to create an angle between the axis of rotation ofthe hub 104 and the rotor. The bevel gear can be any appropriateconfiguration, for example, a straight bevel gear, a spiral bevel gear,a zerol bevel gear, or a hypoid bevel gear. In one embodiment, the axisof rotation of the hub 104 is perpendicular to the axis of rotation ofthe rotor.

In some embodiments, the axis of rotation of the hub 104 is adjustablefrom a first angle to a second angle. In response to adjustment of theaxis of rotation of the hub 104, the rotational resistance of thegenerator 106 can be automatically adjusted. This adjustment may be theresult of a change in gear ratio between the hub 104 and the rotor.Alternatively, the electrical resistance of the generator 106 can beautomatically adjusted in response to the change in position of the hub104.

In one embodiment, the hub 104 can be configured to act as a flywheeland continue rotating until the rotational momentum of the hub isexhausted.

In addition to the arm 120, the power generation device 100 can becoupled to a variety of other driving devices. In one embodiment, thedriving devices can be interchangeable. In such embodiments, the drivingdevices can be releasably coupled to the hub 104. For example, coupling122 may be removed from the hub 104 to allow the alternative drivingdevices to be coupled to hub 104. In some embodiments, the drivingdevices may be coupled to the hub 104 using fasteners (e.g., screws). Inother embodiments, the driving devices may include a collar that allowsthe driving devices to be coupled to, and uncoupled from, the hub 104by, for example, turning the driving device about the longitudinal axisA (e.g., a quarter turn). For example, a bayonet coupling may be used tocouple and uncouple the driving devices from the hub 104. Alternatively,the hub 104 can be releasably coupled to the shaft 107 such that theindividual driving devices can be releasably coupled to the shaft 107.

For example, one driving device can include a propeller that rotates inresponse to wind and air movement. Alternatively, the driving device canbe similar to that used on anemometers and include a plurality ofhemispherical cups. In such embodiments, the power generation device 100can be held or positioned in the wind to cause rotation of the drivingdevice and rotor to create electrical power. Additionally, oralternatively, the driving device can be held in water, with themovement of the water causing rotation of the driving device. In such anembodiment, the body 102 can be water resistant to protect the internalcomponents of the power generation device 100 from the water. In variousembodiments, the propeller or anemometer may rotate about an axis thatis transverse to longitudinal axis A using appropriate gearing, asdescribed above. Further, the orientation of such driving devices withrespect to the body 102 may be adjustable, manually or automatically, toorient the driving devices appropriately for the direction of wind orwater flow.

In another embodiment, the driving device includes a pull-cord which,when pulled, causes rotation of the hub 104. After being pulled, thepull-cord retracts such that it can be pulled repeatedly. The motion canbe similar to a lawn mower starting system. In such an embodiment, thebody 102 can be held between the user's foot and the ground, allowingfor a long pull of the pull-cord and an associated significant rotationof the hub 104. In at least one embodiment, the pull-cord can be fixedin an at least partially deployed position and used in the twirling modedescribed above.

In other embodiments, the rotation of the hub 104 may be coupled to afoot pedal. In such embodiments, the power generation device 100 mayoperate similar to a treadle. This may allow the user to usesubstantially her entire body weight to operate the device. This mayallow more electrical output to be generated.

In another embodiment, the rotation of the hub 104 may be coupled to asuspended basket. In such embodiments, as the basket falls, the descentcauses the hub 104 to rotate.

In one embodiment, the power generation device 100 includes an internalbattery (e.g., first energy storage module 130 or second energy storagemodel 132 shown in FIG. 16). In such an embodiment, the internal batteryis charged by the generator 106 when the rotor is rotated. As a result,the external device 118 need not be connected to the generator 106during rotation of the hub 104. Instead, the internal battery is chargedby the generator 106 and the external device 118 can later be connectedto the generator 106 to charge at the desired time. For example, thismay allow the user to charge the internal battery overnight by mountingthe power generation device 100 to a tree with a turbine or anemometerattached. This can charge the internal battery such that the externaldevice can be used during the day. In some embodiments, the powergeneration device 100 includes a solar cell such that the internalbattery may be charged using solar energy.

In various embodiments, if the internal battery is incapable of holdinga charge the internal battery may be bypassed and all electrical outputof the generator 106 may be directed to the output connector 116.

The power generation device 100 can also include one or more meters orsensors to provide feedback to the user. For example, the powergeneration device 100 can include a meter that measures and displays thenumber of rotations of the hub 104 and/or the rotor of the generator106, the energy being generated by the generator 106, the charge statusof the internal battery, or any other appropriate metric. The measuredvalue of the meters or sensors can be displayed, for example, on adisplay, such as an LED display on the body 102. Alternatively, oradditionally, the values recorded by the meters or sensors can bedisplayed mechanically, such as on a dial.

The electrical and control systems of the power generation device 100are shown in more detail in FIGS. 16-21. FIG. 16 shows the control andpower flow of the power generation device 100. As described above, therotational input 138 can come from human hand cranking, human tetherspinning, wind propeller, or other driving device of the powergeneration device 100. The rotational torque and/or speed from thesetypes of power sources may not be constant. As such, the powergeneration device 100 preferably includes a controller module 110 thatwill maximize a chosen system operating parameter in response to thepresent torque and/or speed conditions. In some embodiments, it isdesirable to optimize parameter(s), such as torque at input, rotationalspeed, maximum power generated over a time interval, maximum energytransferred in a time interval, or the power transfer (for example byoperating at the maximum power point utilizing algorithms like theMaximum Power Point Tracking algorithm). In one embodiment, optimizationis accomplished by setting an operating point for a parameter, andcontrolling generator loading using pulse width modulation (PWM) drivenswitching MOSFETS to maintain operation around the chosen setting. Thisoperating point setting may remain stationary, or may be time varying inresponse to other system variables. Optimization may also mean employingan AI algorithm to learn human physical exhaustion and recovery curvesfor a particular human operator of the generator and dynamicallyadjusting operating points to maintain human endurance during operationwhile optimizing energy transfer, dynamic power level or operating timeof the human operator.

In one embodiment, the generator 106 can be operated in a manual modewhere the user can set a desired input torque level by adjusting a userinterface element (e.g., resistance adjuster 113) such as a sliding bar,for example. The position of the sliding bar is sensed by the controllermodule 110, and the percent “on” time for the PWM signal sent to aswitching converter 131 will be increased or decreased to increase ordecrease the cranking effort, respectively. In this manner, the user canselect (and modify during use) settings that feel comfortable forprolonged periods of cranking the power generation device 100.

The generator 106 can be any appropriate type. For example, in oneembodiment, the generator 106 is a permanent magnet (PM) DC generator,either with brushes or brushless (BLDC). In another embodiment, thegenerator 106 is implemented from a unit primarily designed as a motor,either with or without brushes. In another embodiment, the generator 106is a DC generator with field coils and no permanent magnets. In anotherembodiment, the generator 106 is an AC generator (or motor) with singlephase output or three phase output.

As shown in FIG. 16, the power generation device 100 can also include arectifier 129. The rectifier 129 can be chosen to match the generatortype. For example, the rectifier 129 can be a single blocking diode, afour diode bridge rectifier, or a three phase six diode configuration.In other embodiments, the rectifier 129 can be an active rectifier withsolid state switching to reduce the power losses from diodes. By usingsolid state switches such as MOSFETS, the voltage drop across therectifying component is reduced, thus reducing the power dissipation ofthis element. FIG. 17 shows several embodiments of diode rectificationthat can be used in the power generation device 100. FIG. 17a shows ablocking diode for an AC or DC generator. FIG. 17b shows a bridgerectifier that works with DC or AC generators, and provides propercurrent direction when a DC generator is cranked backwards. FIG. 17cshows a configuration for use with a three phase brushless DC (BLDC)generator (or motor) with three wire output. FIGS. 17d and 17e show anactive rectifier configuration. In other embodiments, any appropriateactive rectification is used.

Returning to FIG. 16, the power generation device 100 can also include afirst energy storage module 130. The first energy storage module 130 caninclude capacitors, supercapacitors, a battery, or any other appropriateenergy storage medium. In one embodiment, the first energy storagemodule 130 includes a capacitor or supercapacitor for intermediateenergy storage, adaptable to the peak voltage output of the generator,based on the generator rotational speed. In one embodiment, the firstenergy storage module 130 performs in a similar manner to the inputcapacitor on voltage regulator circuits to smooth out periodic orfluctuating voltage from the generator 106 and the rectifier 129circuit. The first energy storage module 130 can also be used as theenergy source for the controller module 110 when the generator 106 isfirst powered by the user. Voltage and current at the input to the firstenergy storage module 130 are sensed and measured by the controllermodule 110 and used in control algorithms for controlling the switchingconverter 131. FIG. 18 shows one embodiment of the first energy storagemodule 130 using a current sensing resistor and a capacitor for storage.The sensing voltage outputs, V₁ and V₂, are used by the controllermodule 110 to measure voltage and current, and to calculate power flowfrom the generator 106. In other embodiments, other methods are utilizedto sense current flow, such as hall effect sensors or a sense coil.These can be either open loop or closed loop current sensors.

Returning to FIG. 16, the power generation device 100 can furtherinclude a switching converter 131. The switching converter 131 can be aboost circuit, a buck circuit, a buck/boost circuit, a Cuk circuit, orany other appropriate circuit. FIG. 12 illustrates certain exemplaryembodiments. The active switching element(s) in the switching converter131 are controlled by the controller module 110. In one embodiment, apulse width modulated (PWM) closed loop control signal is created by thecontroller module 110 using the sensed voltage output of the switchingconverter 131, the torque value from the torque sensor 137, therotational speed value from the RPM sensor 136, the desired setpoints,and the control algorithm. The torque and speed values can also bederived from virtual sensors based on voltage and current measurements.

The control algorithm also takes as inputs any desired setpoints fortorque, speed, voltage output, and human motive effort input. All ofthese can be dynamic or static. The control algorithm can also provideovercharge protection for the first and/or second energy storage modules130, 132 by turning off the active switching element(s) of the switchingconverter 131 when the charge level of the first and/or second energystorage modules 130, 132 is full.

The required torque to drive the generator can be modified independentlyof the load by adjusting the PWM signal to the switching converter 131'sactive switching element(s). This allows the load to be set by the PWMsignal. This setting can be time varying and include startup conditions,a time-dependent ramp-up, a time-dependent ramp-down, a voltagedependent ramp-up or ramp-down, or any other appropriate operationprofile. In one embodiment, on startup, the PWM signal is off (equal tozero), so the amount of effort to turn the generator is minimized. As aresult, the effort required to start the generator is low, therebyallowing comfortable start-up by the user. The PWM is graduallyincreased to require additional force.

The second energy storage module 132, shown in FIG. 16, can include abattery, a supercapacitor, a capacitor, or a combination of these. Thevoltage of the second energy storage module 132 is measured by thecontroller module 110 to determine the state of charge, chargingrequirements, and appropriate settings for the control algorithm. Thefirst 130 and/or second 132 energy storage module can have an auxiliaryinput circuit such that an external charger (e.g., a USB charger) can beplugged into the power generation device 100 to charge the internalenergy storage modules 130, 132 of the external device.

The output circuit 133, shown in FIG. 16, may be configured to providethe desired voltage and current output for a particular chargingsituation. In one embodiment, 5 volts is provided for use in a USBconnection to charge a smart phone or other device. This circuit canalso provide short circuit protection or reverse current flowprotection. It can also contain a buck, boost, or buck/boost regulator,such as those shown in FIG. 19.

The output connector 116 can be configured as a USB connector, a barreljack connector, or any other interface that may be appropriate for theuser. This connector can be modular in nature and interchangeable with aplurality of connector types. Each output connector 116 module may beassociated with code in the controller module 110, indicating connectiontype and voltage and current output characteristics. The controllermodule 110 can then control the output circuit 133 to generate thedesired voltage and/or current output.

In one embodiment, the controller module 110 includes a programmablemicrocontroller, interface circuitry for A/D inputs, digital I/O, levelshifting, D/A outputs, and any required analog circuitry such as op ampcircuits for pre-processing any analog signals (input or output). Thecontroller module 110 interfaces with the user interface 111, and to anysensor modules, such as the torque sensor 137 or the speed sensor 136.The controller module 110 will also contain any voltage regulatorsrequired for operation. The power for controller module 110 can besupplied by the first energy storage module 130, the second energystorage module 132, or the output circuit 133.

In one embodiment, the user interface 111, shown in FIG. 1A, includesswitches and LEDs. In another embodiment, the user interface 111includes a GUI screen with touchscreen input. In other embodiments, theuser interface 111 includes a combination of these elements.

The RPM sensor 136, shown in FIG. 16, can be an optical encoder, asingle LED and detector module, a tachometer coil in or on the generatorbody, or a virtual sensor. A virtual sensor can be created bycalculating the speed from the measured generator output voltage, sincethe output voltage is directly proportional to speed and related by thegenerator/motor voltage constant, K_(V).

RPM=Kv*Vg

where RPM is the speed, K_(V) is the voltage constant in rpm/volt, andVg is the rms generator voltage output.

The torque sensor 137 can be, for example, a piezoelectric element, aresistive bridge, a strain gauge, or a virtual sensor. Torque isdirectly proportional to current output of the generator.

T=Kt*I

where T is torque, Kt is the torque constant in Nm/A and I is thegenerator current output in amps. A virtual sensor can be created byusing current measurements and the preceding equation.

In some embodiments, shown in FIG. 20A, the generator 106 is configuredto operate as a motor for a start assist in turning the hub 104 duringinitial startup of the device, to ease startup for the user. The mosfetsshown in FIG. 20A allow connection of power from the bi-directionalpower stage which is appropriately controlled by the buck/boostcontroller 140 and controller module 110. The bi-directional buck/boostcontroller 140 can, for example, be a Texas Instruments BQ25703A. Forexample, Texas Instruments provides a reference design for using thischip in a bi-directional configuration, shown in FIG. 21.

In another embodiment, shown in FIG. 20B, the buck/boost power stage iscombined with the generator 106 and switches. Such an embodiment canreduce the parts count, such as the number of mosfets required in thedesign.

The configurations shown in FIGS. 20A and 20B can be implemented withN-channel mosfets, P-channel mosfets, or a combination of the two.Bipolar junction transistors (BPTs) can also be used. In one embodiment,the motor inductance is used as the inductive element in the buck/boostpower stage, as shown in FIG. 20B. A combined RPM/direction sensor 139can be used in this configuration so that the system can detect whetherthe generator is turning CW or CCW.

In another embodiment, a similar configuration is used in conjunctionwith BLDC motors with three windings. In such an embodiment, six mosfetsmay be used, two for each winding such that a standard BLDC motorcontrol function is implemented.

FIG. 22 shows a flowchart of a powered startup of the generator 106.Such a process can allow the motor to be used to begin rotation of thehub 104. This can assist the user during startup. At block 202, thepower generation device 100 starts in the powered rotation mode. Atblock 204, the power generation device 100 (e.g., using torque sensor137) determines whether the user is providing input torque above athreshold level. If the user is not providing torque above thethreshold, at block 206, the power generation device 100 continues inpowered rotation mode. If the user is providing torque above thethreshold, at block 208 the power generation device 100 switches topower generation mode. In other embodiments, the generator 106 powersrotation of the hub 104 for a specific length of time before switchingfrom powered rotation mode to power generation mode. The length of timecan be, for example, 3 seconds, 5 seconds, 10 seconds, between 3 secondsand 10 seconds, between 3 seconds and 5 seconds, or any otherappropriate duration of time. When in powered rotation mode, thegenerator 106 can use energy stored in an internal battery.

In another embodiment, a power generation and storage system includes apower generation device 100 according to one of the embodimentsdescribed above and one or more rechargeable batteries. The rechargeablebatteries can be in the form of a standard battery, such as a AA batteryor a AAA battery, to allow the use of the rechargeable batteries withstandard electronic devices. The rechargeable battery can include a USBinterface that can be inserted into the output connector 116 of thegenerator 106 to allow charging of the rechargeable battery. Forexample, the rechargeable batteries can be similar to the USBCELLproduced by Moixa Energy Ltd.

In another aspect, the power generation device 100 is integrated with,and configured to power, an external device 118 that is an emergencysignal device. The emergency signal device is powered by the electricaloutput of the generator 106 and is configured to produce an emergencysignal to aid in the location or rescue of the user. The emergencysignal device can be, for example, a cellular phone. Alternatively, theemergency signal device can be a dedicated device configuredspecifically for sending an emergency signal. The emergency signaldevice can be configured with an application or other software thatallows the device to be powered on with a minimum amount of batterycharge. The emergency signal can be in the form of a text message, forexample. In one embodiment, the text message includes text thatindicates that assistance is required. In one embodiment, the emergencysignal includes location information of the device at the time thesignal is sent, for example latitudinal and longitudinal coordinates.Additionally, or alternatively, the emergency signal device may transmitan image or recording (e.g., a voice recording). In some circumstances,such a transmission may be more reliable than executing a two-way phonecall.

In one embodiment, the user can customize the emergency signal inadvance and determine the recipients of the message. The emergencysignal device can also allow the user to input the type of emergency(i.e., terrorism, police required, lost, etc.) prior to sending thesignal. After sending the signal, the emergency signal device can beautomatically placed in a low power mode to retain power in the devicefor as long as possible.

In some embodiments, immediately upon the emergency signal device beingpowered on, the application or software causes the emergency signal tobe transmitted. In other embodiments, the user may initiate transmissionof the emergency signal by pressing a button or otherwise interactingwith the power generation device 100 (e.g., using user interface 111).In still other embodiments, the user initiates the transmission of theemergency signal using external device 118. For example, in embodimentsin which external device 118 is a smartphone, the user may interact witha touch screen on the phone to initiate transmission of the emergencysignal.

A method of generating and sending an emergency signal is also providedand illustrated in FIG. 23. At block 302, the external device 118 firstdetermines that is connected to the power generation device 100. Atblock 304, the external device 118 powers on upon meeting a minimalcharge threshold. In one embodiment, the minimal charge threshold whenconnected to the power generation device 100 is less than when it is notconnected. For example, the external device 118 can power on in alow-power mode in which not all of the device's normal systems arerunning. Optionally, after powering on, at block 306, the device promptsthe user for the type of emergency (i.e., terrorism, police required,lost, etc.). The prompt may appear on the power generation device 100 oron the external device 118. At block 308, the device accesses arecipient list to which the signal will be sent. The recipient list canbe prepopulated by the user or, alternatively, can be selected by theuser at the time of sending the signal. At block 310, the devicedetermines the location of the device, for example, the latitudinal andlongitudinal position of the device. At block 312, the device sends anemergency signal. Optionally, after sending the signal, at block 314,the device can enter a lower-power mode to conserve energy.

While the foregoing description and drawings represent preferred orexemplary embodiments of the present invention, it will be understoodthat various additions, modifications and substitutions may be madetherein without departing from the spirit and scope and range ofequivalents of the accompanying claims. In particular, it will be clearto those skilled in the art that the present invention may be embodiedin other forms, structures, arrangements, proportions, sizes, and withother elements, materials, and components, without departing from thespirit or essential characteristics thereof. One skilled in the art willfurther appreciate that the invention may be used with manymodifications of structure, arrangement, proportions, sizes, materials,and components and otherwise, used in the practice of the invention,which are particularly adapted to specific environments and operativerequirements without departing from the principles of the presentinvention. The presently disclosed embodiments are therefore to beconsidered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, thescope of the invention being defined by the appended claims andequivalents thereof, and not limited to the foregoing description orembodiments. Rather, the appended claims should be construed broadly, toinclude other variants and embodiments of the invention, which may bemade by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope andrange of equivalents of the invention. All patents and published patentapplications identified herein are incorporated herein by reference intheir entireties.

1. A portable power generation device, comprising: a body extending froma first end to a second end, the body configured to be held in a hand ofa user, wherein a longitudinal axis extends from the first end to thesecond end; an electric generator housed within the body, the generatorincluding a rotor; a hub coupled to the body at the first end androtatable with respect to the body about the longitudinal axis; and anarm extending from the hub such that the arm is rotatable with the hubabout the longitudinal axis, wherein the arm is pivotably coupled to thehub such that the arm is pivotable with respect to the hub about a pivotaxis that is non-collinear with the longitudinal axis; wherein rotationof the hub and the arm about the longitudinal axis causes rotation ofthe rotor of the generator to generate electrical power.
 2. The powergeneration device of claim 1, further comprising a knob coupled to thearm at an end of the arm opposite the hub, the knob configured to begrasped by the user to rotate the arm and the hub about the longitudinalaxis.
 3. The power generation device of claim 1, wherein the pivot axisis tangent to a circle centered on the longitudinal axis of the body. 4.The power generation device of claim 1, further comprising a knobcoupled to the arm at an end of the arm opposite the hub, wherein theknob is able to rotate with respect to the arm about an arm longitudinalaxis that extends from a first end of the arm to a second end of thearm.
 5. The power generation device of claim 1, further comprising aknob coupled to the arm at an end of the arm opposite the hub, whereinthe knob is configured to rotate with respect to the arm about an axisthat is parallel to the pivot axis.
 6. The power generation device ofclaim 1, wherein the hub and the arm are removably coupled and the hubis configured to couple to a driving device such that the driving devicecontrols rotation of the rotor.
 7. The power generation device of claim1, further comprising a knob coupled to the arm at an end of the armopposite the hub, wherein the knob has a mass of between about 20 gramsand about 70 grams.
 8. The power generation device of claim 1, whereinthe arm includes a first shaft and a second shaft, and wherein the firstshaft and the second shaft are configured to telescope with respect toone another to increase a length of the arm.
 9. The power generationdevice of claim 1, wherein the torque required to rotate the arm and thehub with respect to the body is adjustable.
 10. The power generationdevice of claim 9, wherein the torque required to rotate the arm iscontrolled by a controller, and wherein the controller controls thetorque required to rotate the arm using pulse width modulation.
 11. Thepower generation device of claim 1, further comprising a gearboxrotatably coupling the hub and the rotor of the electric generator suchthat the hub and the rotor rotate at different rotational speeds. 12.The power generation device of claim 1, further comprising a controller,wherein the generator operates in either an electrical power generationmode or a mechanical power generation mode, wherein when operating inthe mechanical power generation mode, the generator causes the rotor torotate, thereby rotating the hub and the arm.
 13. The power generationdevice of claim 1, wherein the pivot axis is transverse to thelongitudinal axis of the body.
 14. The power generation device of claim1, further comprising a user interface and an output connector, whereinthe output connector is configured to couple to a tool such that thetool receives electrical energy from the generator and the tool iscontrollable via the user interface.
 15. A portable power generationdevice, comprising: a body extending from a first end to a second endand configured to be held in a hand of a user, wherein a longitudinalaxis extends from the first end to the second end; an electric generatorhoused within the body, the generator including a rotor; a hub coupledto the body and rotatable with respect to the body about thelongitudinal axis; and an arm connected to the hub and rotatable withthe hub about the longitudinal axis; wherein rotation of the hub and thearm with respect to the body about the longitudinal axis causes rotationof the rotor of the generator to generate electrical power, and whereinthe torque required to rotate the arm and the hub with respect to thebody is adjustable variable.
 16. (canceled)
 17. The power generationdevice of claim 15, wherein the arm includes a first shaft and a secondshaft, and wherein the first shaft and the second shaft are configuredto telescope with respect to one another to increase a length of thearm.
 18. The power generation device of claim 15, further comprising agearbox rotatable coupling the hub and the rotor of the electricgenerator such that the hub and the rotor rotate at different rotationalspeeds.
 19. An emergency signal generating system, comprising: aportable power generation device, comprising: a body configured to beheld in a hand of a user; an electric generator housed within the body,the generator including a rotor; an arm coupled to the body androtatable with respect to the body; wherein rotation of the arm causesrotation of the rotor of the generator to generate electrical power; anda communications device configured to be electrically coupled to thepower generation device; wherein the communications device is configuredto, after receiving power from the power generation device, transmitdata to a communications network.
 20. The emergency signal generatingsystem of claim 19, wherein the communications device is configured totransmit the data automatically upon meeting a minimum charge threshold.21. The emergency signal generating system of claim 19, wherein the datatransmitted to the communications network includes the latitude andlongitude of the communications device. 22-26. (canceled)